"DKI JAKARTA"

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History

Jakarta’s earliest history centres on the port of Sunda Kelapa, in the north of the modern city. When the Portuguese arrived in 1522, Sunda Kelapa was a bustling port of the Pajajaran dynasty, the last Hindu kingdom of West Java. By 1527 the Portuguese had gained a foothold in the city, but were driven out by Sunan Gunungjati, the Muslim saint and leader of Demak. He renamed the city Jayakarta, meaning ‘victorious city’, and it became a fiefdom of the Banten sultanate.

At the beginning of the 17th century the Dutch and English jostled for power in the city, and in late 1618 the Jayakartans, backed by the British, besieged the Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC) fortress. The Dutch managed to fend off the attackers until May 1619 when, under the command of Jan Pieterszoon Coen, re­inforcements stormed the town and reduced it to ashes. A stronger shoreline fortress was built and the town was renamed ‘Batavia’ after a tribe that once occupied parts of the Netherlands in Roman times. It soon became the capital of the Dutch East Indies.

Within the walls of Batavia the prosperous Dutch built tall houses and pestilential canals in an attempt to create an Amsterdam in the tropics. By the early 18th century, the city’s population had swelled, boosted by both Indonesians and Chinese eager to take advantage of Batavia’s commercial prospects.

By 1740 ethnic unrest in the Chinese quarters had grown to dangerous levels and on 9 October violence broke out on Batavia’s streets; around 5000 Chinese were massacred. A year later Chinese inhabitants were moved to Glodok, outside the city walls. Other Batavians, discouraged by the severe epidemics between 1735 and 1780, also moved, and the city began to spread far south of the port.

Dutch colonial rule came to an end with the Japanese occupation in 1942 and the name ‘Jakarta’ was restored, but it wasn’t until 1950 that Jakarta officially became the capital of the new republic.

Over the next four decades, the capital struggled under the weight of an ever-increasing population of poor migrants, but by the 1990s Jakarta’s economic situation had turned around. This all changed, however, with the start of an economic collapse at the end of 1997. The capital quickly became a political battleground and protests demanding longtime leader Soeharto’s resignation increased in intensity in early 1998.

After months of tension the floodgates opened on 12 May 1998 when the army fired live ammunition into a group of students at Trisakti University; four were killed. Jakarta erupted in three days of rioting as thousands took to the streets. The Chinese were hardest hit, with shocking tales of rape and murder emerging after the riots.

Over the past few years Jakarta has braved a spate of natural and unnatural disasters. In August 2003 the US-owned Marriott Hotel was bombed and in September 2004 Australia’s embassy experienced a similar fate; both nations were targeted for their involvement in the Afghanistan and Iraq occupations. Flooding disabled many parts of the city in 2002, 2003 and 2006, causing massive damage to homes and public services, and bringing more misery to the abject poor.

However, the biggest problem facing the city may still be its ability to handle protesters. A proposed increase in fuel and utility prices in January 2003 caused thousands to hit the streets and forced the government to backtrack on its plans. However in October 2005 it went through with fuel increases amid widespread protests; fortunately military intervention was not required to maintain calm, but if fuel prices are raised once more violence could easily erupt on the streets of the capital.

CULTURE OF JAKARTA

• People

Not less 9 million people live in Jakarta representing nearly all the ethnic groups in the archipelago. The major groups are Sundanese, javanese, Chinese, and the native Orang Betawi ( people of Betawi ). Other large groups arethe Minangkabau people, the Bataks, the Manadonase, and the other people from Sulawesi and the Ambonase.

The native Orang Betawi emerged in the 19th century from a melting pot of races, ethnic groups and cultures. They have their own culture distinc from other ethnic's cultures. In 1923 they founded an organization called Kaum Betawi which was in fact a statement about the existenceof the Betawi ethnic group. Islam is professed by the majority. But it does not mean that Indonesia is an Islamic state. It is a Pancasila state. And one of the principles of Pancasila, the state ideology, is " belief in the one Supreme God ". This means that the various belief systems must be respected and respect each other. This expalins the ubiquitous Moslem prayer houses in the city beside many churches and a few temples.

In Taman Mini Indonesia Indah ( Beautiful Indonesia in Miniature Park ), the prince Diponegoro Mosque is juxtapositioned with the saint Catherina Church, the Halleluyah Curch, the Pura Penataran Agung Kertabumi Temple, the Aria Dwipa Arama Monastery and the Indonesian Mystic Convention Hall, synbolizing the motto : Bhinneka Tunggal Ika ( Unity In Diversity ) in matters of religions and belief - systems.

Indonesians are known to the frendliest people in the world towards foreigners and most tolerant towards their manners. But there are few things which are not done among Indonesia. They consider the head as something sacred that must be respected. Patting on the head is not done among adults. Calling someone by crooking the index finger is considered impolite and giving or reciving things with the left hand is no - where acceptable. The hand shake accompanied with a smile is common among men and women greeting or welcoming somebody.

• Culture

Indonesia's cultural diversity is celebrated in the national motto, Bhineka Tunggal Ika, meaning "Unity in Diversity." One manifestation of this tenet of Indonesian national identity is the government's efforts to give equal precedence to the development of traditional art forms from each ethnic group. In Jakarta, the Orang Betawi - the natives of the city - are considered to be the hosts of these cultures, having emerged from the melting pot of races, ethnic groups and cultures of Indonesia in the 19th century. Today they constitute one of the city's main ethnic groups along side the Javanese (from Central and Eastern Java), Sundanese (from West Java) and Chinese.

Betawi culture is a treasure trove of color, tradition, song, dance, clothing, cuisine, language and dialect. The culture thrives today due to government policy to enhance the cultural identity of the original inhabitants of the city, and prevent their traditions being buried beneath a tide of modernization. There are annual parades and other celebrations in which three-meter tall Betawi mascots (ondel ondel) - are seen delighting the crowds with their large masks and tinsel-sprinkled headdresses.

The language of the Betawi has been adopted by the fashionable younger generation of Jakartans from all ethnic origins, whereas the more formal Betawi Malay is only spoken by the more conservative older generation Orang Betawi

• Language

The official language is Bahasa Indonesia and English is the most spoken and understood foreign language. In covention hotels they have translators for English, Frence, Dutch, German, Japanese, Mandarin, and even Spanish.

The native betawi people speak Betawi Malay which is different from standard Malay. There are variations in the language according to region, the Betawi Malay of the centre and that of the periphery. There are also socio - cultural variations. The older people born and bred in Jakarta speak the traditional Betawi Malay, while the younger people and migrants speak the modern version of the language.

In the language, various influences from other cultures are appearent, Balinese, Sundanese, and Javanese influences are there and words derived from Arabic, Dutch, chinese and Portuguese are easily recognizable. Betawi Malay is spoken not only in Jakarta, but also in parts of Bekasi, Tangerang and Bogor which belong to the province of West Java.

JAKARTA CULINARY

1. Kerak Telor

The food is synonymous with the Pekan Raya Jakarta (PRJ). Therefore, egg crust (kerak telor) always encountered every time PRJ held. Currently, egg crust (kerak telor) became scarce food. Although a typical snacks from Betawi, the seller actually mostly from Sunda, West Java.

Egg crust has a savory taste. The savory taste comes from the materials used in it, the white sticky rice, chicken eggs or duck eggs, dried fried shrimp, fried onion, roasted coconut, red chili, kentchjur, ginger, pepper, salt, and sugar. Taste delicious in egg crust (kerak telor) derived from a mixture of shrimp, red onion, roasted coconut, red chili, kentchjur,  ginger, pepper, and sugar.

2. Crocodile Bread

Crocodile Bread, alligator-shaped bread making was actually inspired from a crocodile habits only married once throughout in his life. Crocodile bread used as a symbol of loyalty married couples. Therefore, not surprising that the crocodile bread is always present at every event Betawi traditional wedding.

Now, looking somewhat difficult crocodile bread. Not all stores sell that bread. If you want to buy crocodiles bread, people also usually have to order in advance. Though it is not difficult to make bread crocodile. Ingredients consisting of flour, sugar, margarine, salt, yeast, powdered milk, eggs, and dyes easily obtained. Only, form the dough to resemble a crocodile requires patience to make it who are not accustomed.

3. Rangi Cake

Made from starch, mixed with grated coconut in the rough and thick coat by brown sugar.

4. Pletok Beer

Pletok beer is the name and original signature drinks of Betawi. For all you know, this is not a liquor drink containing alcohol. This drink is recommended to drink it because it is good for health .

Pletok beer made ​​from spices, especially ginger, which is only found in the Betawi township. This beer can be used as soft drinks thirst release a very delicious drink in warm and cold conditions.

Betawi people also believe, pletok name was added after hearing the sound of ice cubes that collided with whipped furnace. So, saying, pletak ... pletok … And when the drink is poured into a glass , foam will soon be popping up much like beer. Finally, the name of the pletok beer become very popular among the Betawi people.

The original of pletok beer is blended from herbs. The most predominant flavor is ginger. The rest cardamom, lemongrass, cinnamon, wooden cup, and sugar.

This drink is often served along with pastries Betawi, like ape cakes, trays, grilled sticky rice, and the other in the manner of the Betawi weddings. But in fact, can also drink pletok beer anytime, any food company .

And the other example is:

1. Soto Betawi

2. Nasi Ulam

3. Gado-gado

4. Kembang Goyang

5. Semur Jengkol

6. Asinan Betawi

7. Ketoprak

8. Es Selendang Mayang, etc.

Tourism Objects

There are so many interesting places in Jakarta:

1. Pulau Seribu (Thousand Island)

Thousand Islands or Kepulauan Seribu is an administrative district in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia. Its area covers the archipelago in the Bay of Jakarta.

Thousand Islands is an archipelago located in the north of Jakarta, directly facing the bay of Jakarta. The number of the island is not exactly 1000 but only about 342 islands, including the sand island and coral reefs. The Sand island and the coral reef itself is around 158. Not all islands which included in the Thousand Islands group are inhabited. Like many other islands in Indonesia, most of the islands in the Thousand Islands are uninhabited. These islands have potential chance for developing various kinds of industries, including mining, for the most important.

The administrative center is located at Scout Island or Pulau Pramuka which begin functioned as the district administration since 2003.

The major inhabitant in Thousand Islands are Muslim and generally come from the tribe of Betawi, Bugis, Banten and Madura.

There are some islands that become the most destination for tourist who want to spend the time and take holidays. Those islands are: Pulau Kahyangan, Pulau Pabelokan, Pulau Bidadari, Pulau Onrust, Pulau Edam, Pulau Kelor, Pulau Rambut, Pulau Anyer, Pulau Puteri, Pulau Matahari, Pulau Sepa, Pulau Pantara Barat dan Pantara Timur, Pulau Bira Besar (Bira Island), Pulau Kotok, Pulau Pelangi, Pulau Papa Theo, Pulau Laki, Pulau Pamagaran, Pulau Sabira, Pulau Saktu and Pulau Penike. 

Other islands are sometimes visited for those who want to dive, like: Pulau Kotok
Pulau Papa Theo, Pulau Peniki, Pulau Matahari, Pulau Gosonglaga and Pulau Semak Daun.

2. Taman Impian Jaya Ancol

Taman Impian Jaya Ancol otherwise known as Ancol Dreamland is an integral part of Ancol Bay City, a resort destination located along Jakarta's waterfront, in Ancol Kelurahan,Pademangan, Indonesia. Ancol Dreamland opened in 1966 and is currently the largest integrated tourism area in South East Asia, boasting an international championship golf course, a theme park, hotels and other recreational facilities. There are many tourist object such as, Dunia Fantasi, Atlantis Water Adventure, Ocean Dream Samudra, SeaWorld, Beaches, Pasar Seni, Executive Golf Fun, Jaya Bowling, Ocean Eco Park, Ancol Beach City, Gondola, Putri Duyung Hotel, Mercure Convention Centre, and Seafood Restaurant.

3. Jakarta International Expo Kemayoran

PT Jakarta International Expo is a subsidiary company of the Central Cipta Murdaya Group (CCM), which is known for its experiences and reputation in a wide array of industries in Indonesia, such as manufacturing, trade and expo, infrastructural engineering, agricultural, property development, and many more. This excellent reputation is proven with the success of many event and projects.

4. Istiqlal Mosque

Istiqlal Mosque, or Masjid Istiqlal, (Independence Mosque) in Jakarta, Indonesia is the largest mosque in Southeast Asia and has the highest capacity. Thisnational mosque of Indonesia was built to commemorate Indonesian independence and named "Istiqlal", an Arabic word for "independence". The mosque was opened to the public 22 February 1978. Within Jakarta, the mosque is positioned next to Merdeka Square and the Jakarta Cathedral.

The mosque have seven gates to enter, and all seven gates are named after Al-Asmaul-Husna, the names of God in Islam. The number seven represents the Seven Heavens in Islamic cosmology.

5. Jakarta Cathedral Church

The Jakarta Cathedral is located in Central Jakarta nearMerdeka Square and Merdeka Palace, it is stood right in the front of Istiqlal Mosque. Jakarta Cathedral (Indonesian: Gereja Katedral Jakarta) is a Roman Catholic Cathedral in Jakarta, Indonesia.

There are three main spires in Jakarta Cathedral: the two tallest ones measured 60 metres tall and are located in front on each side of the portal. The north tower is called "The Fort of David", which symbolizes Mary as the refuge and protector against the power of darkness. The south tower, also 60 metres tall, is called "The Ivory Tower", which the whiteness and pureness of ivory describe the pureness of Virgin Mary. On the Ivory Tower, there are old clocks that are still well functioned as well as a church bell. The third spire rises above the roof's cross intersection and measured 45 metres tall from the ground, and is called "The Angelus Dei Tower".

6. Monumen Nasional

There are three main spires in Jakarta Cathedral: the two tallest ones measured 60 metres tall and are located in front on each side of the portal. The north tower is called "The Fort of David", which symbolizes Mary as the refuge and protector against the power of darkness. The south tower, also 60 metres tall, is called "The Ivory Tower", which the whiteness and pureness of ivory describe the pureness of Virgin Mary. On the Ivory Tower, there are old clocks that are still well functioned as well as a church bell. The third spire rises above the roof's cross intersection and measured 45 metres tall from the ground, and is called "The Angelus Dei Tower".

7. Bundaran HI (Hotel Indonesia)

8. Kidzania

Kidzania Jakarta is an educational indoor theme park located in Jakarta,Indonesia. Opened in November 2007 at the Pacific Place Jakarta.  Upon entering Kidzania Jakarta (somewhat different of things received during entry, but mostly similar to other tenants), one is given a boarding pass, a map of the city, and a 50 Kidzos (the official currency of Kidzania) paycheck upon entry. Inside, one can work on over 70 different professions. Some establishments require children to pay a significant amount of Kidzos. If one runs out of money, they must work in establishments that offer salaries in a significant amount of Kidzos. A security bracelet is required during entry so that parents can find you if you are lost, and can only be removed upon return to Jakarta.

9. Old Town

Kota (Indonesian: Kota Tua Jakarta), is a small area in Jakarta, Indonesia. It is also known as Old Jakarta, and Old Batavia (Dutch: Oud Batavia). It spans 1.3 square kilometres of North Jakarta and West Jakarta (KelurahanPinangsia, Taman Sari and Kelurahan Roa Malaka, Tambora). Kota is Indonesian word for "city", it was the reminiscent of the vicinity during colonial times in 16th century that the city was only within Batavia walled compound (today Kota), while the surrounding areas was only kampung (villages), orchards, and ricefields. The largely Chinese down town area of Glodok is a central part of Kota.

Nowadays, many remaining historical buildings and architecture are steadily deteriorating; at best, "dilapidated". such as; Jakarta History Museum (Former city hall of Batavia, the office and residence of VOC governor general), Maritime Museum of Indonesia, Sunda Kelapa harbour, and The Batavia Hotel which was formerly the well-known Omni Batavia Hotel.

However, there is still much hope in restoring the area, especially with various non-profit organizations, private institutions, and even the government recently stepping up to the plate to rejuvenate Old Jakarta's legacy. In 2007, several streets surrounding Fatahillah square such as Pintu Besar street and Pos Kota street, were closed to vehicles as a first step towards the rejuvenation.

10. Planetarium

Planetarium Jakarta is an educational touring facility that presents simulations about astronomy and celestial objects. The existence of Planetarium Jakarta is very useful for Indonesian people, especially students, as it's really helpful in developing knowledge about earth and outer space science. The At Planetarium Jakarta you could see Planetarium Show, usually called as Star Theater. The show takes about 60 minutes time with various themes such as Solar System, Solar Eclipse and Lunar Eclipse, Little Explorer at Solar System, Our Galaxy is Bima Sakti, Earth, the Blue Planet, Multi Star and Variable Star, From Equator to Polar, Biography of the Star, and The Formation of Solar System. Besides the Star Theater show there’s also a multimedia show that explain the theories about solar as the center of solar system and the theories about the formation of universe.

Planetarium Jakarta provides facilities to observe celestial objects through direct telescopic observation that allow you to see phenomenon of the nature like lunar eclipse, solar eclipse, comet, and others. The telescopic observation schedule is arranged based on the weather forecast. Planetarium Jakarta has an exhibition hall that consist of celestial objects, pictures about the galaxy, outer space suit, and outer space observation equipments.

Jakarta Infrastructure

Jakarta - DKI Jakarta has 6 projects that target infrastructure will be built in stages from 2013 . In total required investment of around Rp 442 trillion .

Thus quoted from the Secretariat of State , Sunday ( 09/09/2012 ) . Infrastructure projects that antaralain :

1 . Project Mass Rapid Transit ( MRT ) with a total investment of Rp 103 trillion, which consists of a phase I Lebak Bulus to HI Roundabout Rp 23 trillion , and the roads around the Cikarang Balaraja up to Rp 70 trillion to Rp 80 trillion .

To build the railway construction is done through funding from the provincial government with the help of a loan from JICA . After construction is built , then the government will launch a tender operations to the private sector for the operation of the project .

MRT is a rail -based transportation is most likely done in Jakarta . Monorail project that was started in the era of the previous governor continued difficult due to funding problems . Instead there will be transport busway overpass .

Construction of north-south corridor from Lebak Bulus to Kampung Bandan done in two stages . The first phase connecting Lebak Bulus - HI Roundabout along 15.7 km with 13 stations , seven stations are elevated and six underground stations .

The first project is targeted to start up in late 2016. The second phase will continue the path of the south - ytara roundabout to Kampung Bandan along 8.1 kilometers is targeted to operate 2018.

Jakarta - 2 . 6 infrastructure development along the toll road 75 km with an investment of around Rp 40 trillion to Rp 45 trillion .

The Government has received the winning bidder consortium PT Jakarta Tollroad Development ( JTD ) . Is currently in the process of negotiating an investment . Targeted the construction process can be carried out in 2013 . A six-lane toll road project is circular in the capital Jakarta will be equipped with TransJakarta bus express.

3 . Sea Embankment Project Giant or Giant Sea Wall along the northern coast of Jakarta with a total investment of Rp 200 trillion . This project prevents Jakarta coastal area submerged by sea water due to continued decline in surface soil in Jakarta .

Besides Jakarta is also developing infrastructure in Jakarta Bay to the amount of investment reached Rp 200 trillion, which is expected to take 10 years .

4 . Water development projects through the pipeline Jatilahur worth Rp 4 trillion . Project Water Supply System ( SPAM ) Jatilahur , will be built to increase the availability of raw water in Jakarta , tender scheduled to open in 2013 . The first phase is projected to be completed in 2015 with a carrying 5000 liters of water per second .

5 . Development of Special Economic Zones ( SEZs ) Ali Sadikin in Marunda with a total investment of Rp 50 trillion

6 . Development of Wastewater (sewage ) from 2.2 % to 22.5 % with an investment of Rp 40 trillion .

Di Susun Oleh:

1. Neria Chairunnisa

2. Diedra Khairunnisa

3. Mahaliya Nahariyanti

4. Ismi Dewanty Putri

5. Fransiska

3SA01

GUNADARMA UNIVERSITY